Psyc 305 Exam #1 Study Guide

PSYC 305 Exam 1 Study Guide Defense Mechanisms help swelled head deal with anxiety (Ego finishnot handle the conflicts between ID and superego. ) * Rationalism plausible, except false reason for action * I needed to break up with my boyfriend for his own good. * Sublimation socially productive displacement * Ill just go to the gym. * Projection ascribing own impulses to others * He hates me. * Denial refusal to acjazzledge the impulse * I dont hate my ex. * Intellectualization clear, undistorted recognition of impulse everyplace explained and with emotion removed * I always have trouble with relationships Repression impulses or experiences kept unconscious * I feel nothing towards him. * Isolation cutting send off thoughts related to occurrence * I never think ab unwrap him. * Identification merging ones identity with someone else * I want to be just cargon that bully. * Reaction Formation transform impulse to the opposite * I love my father so much. (LOVE/HATE) * Displa cement impulses toward another activity * What a bad day, I hate my boss and my job, punch hole in wall. Freuds Psycho elicitual Stages (oral anal phallic latency Genital) * Oral * Birth to age 1 focus on mouth and feeding * All ID, all the time * From passive voice active * Oral fixation * Passive, overly optimistic, dependent * Experiencing through the mouth * Traits passive dependent, oral aggressive, oral erotic * Anal * Sphincter muscle * Age 1 3 * Experiencing through elimination and retention * Excreting toilet training, ego development * Anal fixation orderliness, parsimony and simplicity, obstinacy and stubbornness * Traits passive aggressive, paranoid, compulsive, messy/disorganized, stubborn/stingy * Phallic * Age 3 5 * guidance on genitals and masturbation Successful passage leads to development of the superego * Solid understanding of the opposite sex * Fixation immature super ego, pore sex-role typing, sex issues * Genitals * Seen in noticing genitals and sex differences, special attention to opposite sex-pargonnt * Narcissistic, arrogant, vane * Oedipus conflict * Boys develop sexual feelings for their mothers and want to replace their dad * castration anxiety fear that dad will cut off sons penis as retaliate * Resolved when boy decides to follow in dads footsteps * Electra Conflict * Penis envy girls feel inferior when they realize they do not have a enis, blame mom * Decides to seduce dad for r horizontalge * Seduction hypothesis real incest between father-daughter. Revised fantasy only * Conflict resolved when girl learns to indentify with mother * Latency * Age 5 pubescence * Nothing much going on ID, ego, superego already developed * Genital * Starts at puberty * Sexual satisfaction from opposite sex * Development of magnanimous sexuality * Proper resolution if no past fixations Freuds Topographic Model (iceberg) 3 components 1. Conscious mind aware, accept, identify 2. Unconscious mind can be brought to awareness readil y 3. Preconscious mind repressed. * ID Unconscious * Preverbal * Source of our instincts and passions * Infant * Driven by pleasure principle * Innocent child that doesnt know any better * Primary process * First to develop * Libido sexual energy * Eros life instinct * Thanatos death instinct * Balances sex and aggression * Satisfy urges, reduces tension * essays pleasure * Ego * The mostly conscious part of the mind * Balances or goes between id, superego and reality * Grows out of the id (ego is shown first even though id exists first) * Face the real world * Understands reality * Decision maker between id and superego * Secondary process/future Second to develop * Brings unity to reputation * Reality principle * Superego * Internalization of parental images and rules * Includes thou shalts (ego ideal) and thou shalt nots (conscience) * Rules and restrictions of parents/society * Third to develop * Rules and morals of society * Guilty * Phrenology theory that personality charac teristics could be determined by reading the bumps on the skull. (Franz gall) * Localized thinking, feeling and personality in the brain * Attempted to be scientific in explaining characteristic demeanour * Fostered scientific debate about the nature and causes of personality Person Metaphors (as a) * Animal * Respond to reward, punishment * Can be prisoner of its biology * Scientist * Seek the truth * Try to understand the world by making/testing theories * Actor * Idea of life as drama (roles) * Writing/acting out scripts * Backstage/onstage * Pathology as role confusion * Computer * Hardware & software * Data * Programs needing to be debugged * Input output * Machine * Causes & effects * ophidian biting then developing a fear of snakes * System (ecosystem) * Interconnecting living parts * Self-regulation toward homeostasis * Little changes can have big effects Homeostatic train * Avoid anxiety/fear * Pilot * The self * Being in the drivers seat, steering towards goals * Perso nality 1. The stylistic aspects of how we think, feel and act and motives implied by these that make us agreeable or to live with (Dollinger). 2. The underlying causes within the person of individual behavior and experience (Cloninger). * 3 Ds 1. Description how do we answer for people? a. Traits measures characteristics on continuous scales factors measures an individuals characteristics based on a group of related characteristics types putting people into categories 2.Dynamics How do our personalities influence our behaviors and motivation? 3. Development what determines our personality? * Idiographic looks at the characteristics of a single individual * Individual, one person, different traits * Nomothetic comparing one person to another * Group of people, one trait in different people * Assessment 1. Interviews (value interactive and subjective approach) a. Unstructured i. Clinical Judgment b. Structured ii. Training, reliability/consistency c. Both should involve empathy, heating and concern 2. Questionnaires (large sample, need good norms, value efficiency and objectivity) d.General or specific e. Obvious or subtly f. Logically keyed (theory) g. Empirically keyed (what items tally with) 3. Objectivity Keeps things standardized and eliminate interviewer bias 4. Subjectivity Assess your feel for who the person is and the informers reliability in answering. * Reliability the consistency of response to a psychological assessment (standardization) * Consistency/stability * Questionnaire producing consistent results from time one to time two * Validity the extent to which an assessment device measures what it is intended to measure * actually measures what it claims to measure Predictive Validity how well a test score predicts future behavior * Does a test predict a behavior that the investigator accept as a criterion for the construct being measured * Content Validity How well the individual items relate to measured construct (face validity) * render retest reliability, alternate forms * Correlation * An observational method * Looks for associations between two psychological constructs * Social support and depression * Yields a number representing the degree that two constructs are associated with each other * Coefficient Pearsons r statistic * Range -1 to +1 * -1 = staring(a) inverse relationship * 0 = no mathematical relationship * +1 = perfect positive relationship * Limitations * Cant determine cause and effect relationships * Can only conclude that one or more variable are associated with each other * Good enough if goal is prediction only * Independent Variables the variables that are manipulated. * Dependent Variable not manipulated but measured for manageable change effects.