Behaviour Of Individuals In A Group Education Essay

Behaviour Of Individuals In A Group Education EssayIntroductionThe line of study and understanding of undivided and crowd behaviour, and patterns of construction in order to help improve makeupal fulfilance and effectiveness. (Robbins, 2007). Organisation is single of the most important parts and serves important postulate of the society. So the decisions and actions of management in organisations have an increasing impact on individuals, other(a) organisations and the community (Mullins, 2008). then(prenominal)ce it is important, to understand how organisation functions. For that we need to learn the behaviour of muckle, how do they behave and perform as members of a assemblage and as individuals.This report is discussing the performance and behaviour of an individual while constructing in a congregation. The report emphasise on three interrelated parts which atomic number 18 concerned with describing the physical composition of the root, differences betwixt math ematical separate and team, how individual perform in a assembly and their performance as an individual, and finally some conclusions on importance of the behaviour and performance of an individual in a group.GroupsGroups are any number of tidy sum who interact with unmatchable another are psychologically aware of one another and perceive themselves to be a group (Schein, 1988). A group is two or more individuals interacting with each other to accomplish a common goal (Ivancevich, Konopaske, Matteson, 2008). Any ways groups are not same as that of teams. Teams are mature groups which are motivated and they are interdependent on each other for a common goal. Team faeces be of fixed size but groups contribute defer on purpose of the hunt. All teams groundwork be a group but all groups firet be a team.Advantages and disadvantages of a groupAdvantagesLearn to listen others point of view of other member in a group and take their considerations.Learn a lot from individuals pers onalities.Learn group co-ordination and Mutual understanding.Learn to divide work and complete the work faster.Learn to interact with different kind of plurality.DisadvantagesIf there are many people in a group then there whitethorn be group conflict. there may be different opinions on doing same thing so some whiles it takes time to start the work.E very(prenominal) member of a group should know its design and should work accordingly.Self esteem of a person layabout be heart while his opinion is not taken or not implemented.Why do people gist groups?Humans are genial animal, they cant stay alone. They want someone to interact with each other. People join clubs, different groups and societies just for interacting with each other. This is humans psychology that they cant suss out communicating with each other. Working in a group is an excellent way of building the effective interpersonal transactionhip that organisation needs (Heller, 1997). There are some of other reasons wh y people like to be in a group and they are Security, Task achievement, Social needs and military group (Ellis Penny, 2000). People feel natural rubberty while they are in a group for an example working in an organisation some decision has to be taken people feel safe to take decision in a group instead than taking individually. Task achievement is also a main reason why people join groups there are many task which cannot be done alone. Some people join groups for societal needs say by forming a group they are forming some special relationship. Power is the main reason people form a group for an instance if many people are doing a particular talk it can be done easily but thats not true for individuals.Reasons for formation of a group in an organisationPeople join groups because groups are able to accomplish things that individuals cannot accomplish working alone and working in group fulfils the social needs of people. The functional supposition of the formation posits that g roups are the only way to survive the demands of the environment (Stewart, Manz, Sims, 1999).Environmental factorsAs jobs become more thickening due to technology or other factors, groups become a good way to handle the complexity (Levi, 2001). Moreover, joint management has a strong aptitude to attract capital beyond the founders or owners resources from private and venture capital backers (Timmons, 1999). I feel some work in an organization cant be done by individual it requires a group of people for better understanding of a complex situation.Poor performance, crisis and survivalThe urge to try something red-hot and to change the course of action increases when the performance is low (Boone, C van Olffen, W vanWitteloostuijn, A De Brebander, B, 2004). Hence there is a fear of failure when a individual is working alone but thats not always true when groups are working. People know their own responsibilities while working in a group and they try to fulfil each and all(prenomin al) thing.GrowthA small business owner may not have the sufficient familiarity and skills to ensure significant organizational growth (Weinzimmer, 1997). When the watertight sizeincreases, more people are needed for effective management (Weltman, 2001). Groups are responsible for the development of an organisation. Hence group should always think about the growth of the organisation.Profitability and better firm performanceThe benefits of teamwork in management relate to both work and firm performance (e.g. (Hunsaker, 2001 Eisenstat Cohen, 1990)No human is perfect, but groups can be. Human has some or other areas where they cannot work. But while working in a group human can hide their weaknesses.Social issuesCompanionship can help in problem solving and to diminish demanding working conditions as support arises among the team members (Hunsaker, 2001). wiz of the most compelling reasons why people join groups is because they believe membership in a particular group will help the m to satisfy one or more important needs.Group normsAccording to Sherif (1936), norms are the customs, traditions, rules, values, fashions, and any other criteria of conduct which are standardised as a consequence of fall into place with individuals. Later, (Steers, 1981) called norms a shared group standard which regulates member behaviour. Norms also have been identified as the unceremonial rules that groups adopt to regulate and regularise members behaviour (Feldman, 1984).Although norms largely exist in the formal context of group functioning, rarely appear in create verbally form, and are seldom discussed, they still have a very powerful and consistent influence on group behaviour (Hackman, 1976). After analysing all this definitions I feel norms are rules which are do by individuals which work in a group for its smooth working.Norms are made by a group, so there can be different norms for different types of a group. For example, there are groups of people who are in a uni versity every group will have its own norms. Secondly, there are various degrees of bankers acceptance by a group member. That means some norms are followed by every group member and other norms are restricted to some people only. Some of the norms are also applied all group members and some norms are applied for few people in a group. For an instance, a group is working in an organisation, some norms are followed by all group members and some norms are only for the position holders, say managers in a group (Ivancevich, Konopaske, Matteson, 2008).Different types of groupOrganisation has two different types of groups they are formal groups and folksy groups. The major difference amongst both this types of groups is that there is friendship between the members of the group. In informal group the entire member knows each other so they know what strength and weaknesses each individual has according to that everyone can work out knowing each other. And formal groups are made by the o rganisations they dont know each other they are formed for a special goal. A planned system of cooperative effort in which each participant has a recognized role to play and duties or tasks to perform (Katz, 1965). These types of groups are made only for smooth functioning of an organisation. People dont know each other so there are less chance of bump friendly environment, and getting better results. According to Palazzolo (1981), a collection of individual whose common work experience result in the development of a system of interpersonal relations beyond those expected of them by values of their employment. In this type of group people know each other and they are friends with common goals so they can coordinate with each other without any problem. There is no communication gap between the people, so work can be done in better way. The only problem with this type of group is that it has friendly environment so many propagation it does not work for a organisation. But informal groups are better than formal groups.GroupthinkA mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a sticky in-group, when the members strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realisticallyAppraise alternative courses of action (Janis, 1972). With the idea of Groupthink group behaviour and performance can be increased. Groupthink can instal any kind of decisions in an organization. As we have notice individual does not take any decisions, all the decisions are been taken by the organisation are discussed before implementing it. This is because all individual has different way of thinking in an organisation so everyone should know what is going on and can get ideas from everyone. By doing this the chances of implementing a risk gets decrease and on one in an organisation can regret the fact after implementing the new project.Numbers of specific symptoms on groupthink are as fallows.There is an illusion of invulnerability with excessive optimism an d risk-taking.The discounting or discrediting of negative feedback which contradicts group consensus results in rationalisation in order to excuse away any disagreeable information.An unquestioned belief in the inherent morality of the group which leads members to be convinced of the logical correctness of what it is doing and to ignore honest or moral consequences of decisions.The groups desire to maintain consensus can lead to negative stereotyping of opponents or people outside the group, or to the acceptance of change.There is pressure on individual members to conform and reach consensus so that minority or unpopular ideas may be suppressed.Each member of the group may impose self-censorship in order to suppress their own objectives, or personal doubts or disagreements.As a result of self-censorship, there is an illusion of unanimity with a lack of uttered dissent and a false sense of unity.In the unlikely concomitant of dissent or contrary information, this will give rise to the emergence of sagaciousness guards who act as filters, guarding group draws, deflecting opposition and applying pressure on deviants. (Mullins, 2008)Individual behaviour as a group memberPsychological research on creativity has tended to focus on individuals and intra-individual factors (e.g., motivation Amabile, 1982). Fords (1996) Theory of Creative Individual Action also links the work environment with intra-individual factors to explain individual creativity. Fords hypothesis describes three individual characteristics which overlap conceptually with the components of Amabiles (1988, 1997) model, via sense making, motivation, and knowledge and ability. Individual personality makes a big impact on his psychological behaviour in an organisation. Also all the employees has to be motivated by some or the other ways. There may be some of the differences while working in a group but individual has to ignore them. All the group members are there for a common purpose so everyone sh ould know their role and accordingly they have to perform while they are in a group.No individual should back-off at last movement while working in a group. By doing this he can develop psychologically as well as potentially. He can get different ideas from all other group members. He wont be restricted to a limit, and also can work better as a group member. This is because we know no individual is perfect and group can be, this says group members can hide weaknesses of a individual. But for performing better in a group individual should be motivated all the time. Maslows theory of motivation gives an idea how individual can be motivated.MotivationMotivation is the factor that every group leader should give to their group member. Motivation is better explained by Maslows theory.Maslows theoryAbraham Maslow attempted to formulate a needs-based framework of human motivation and based upon his clinical experiences with humans.From Maslows theory of motivation, modern leaders and execut ive managers find means ofemployee motivationfor the purposes of employee and workforce management. According to this theory humans are motivated by unsatisfied needs and certain lower needs. All individuals should fulfil physiological needs first. If these needs are not satisfied then there are chances for an individual to leave behind the organisation, as he is de-motivated from the organisation. After completing these needs other higher level needs should be completed like he should be safe from other things which are in and out of the organisation. And the hierarchy goes on till Self-Actualization. Hence Abraham Maslows model indicates that basic, low-level needs such as physiological requirements and safety must be satisfied before higher-level needs such as self-fulfilment are pursued. (Anonymus, Abraham Maslow Biography, 2005)Peer PressurePeer pressureis a change inattitudes,values, orbehaviourin person toconformto groupnorms (Anonymus, 2010). This person cannot be the membe r of the group. Peer pressure can be because of change in anything in the organisation. This can be a environment change or change in need. And because of this pressure group member leaves the group and may join other group which he dont like to be a member of that group, and thus they behave adversely concerning that groups behaviours. Peer pressure can cause people to do things they would not normally do, e.g. start drinking, may take least interest in the organisation, etc.Group ConflictGroup conflict can occurs when there is difference in opinions within the group member. Conflict in a group can occur because of following reasons age, race, gender, education, functional background, and tenure. And because of this some time we feel to stay away from a group. This type of conflict can be seen in formal group. But thats not a case of informal group all the group member knows each other so they are understanding and many a times informal group may be of same age group and same kind of education so due to this reason the rate of conflict reduces or many times conflict does not take place. There is also conflict in the informal groups but this type of conflict does not last for more than a day.ExperienceThis I can say with my own experience, I have been a member of a informal group while I was in my college, I was a member of cultural committee of the college from five years. Till completed my graduation. We apply to organise the college festival called Utkarsh, I always took part in event handling stuff. And for last couple of years I was elected as a co-ordinator of Roars, with is IT and comp-science festival under Utkarsh. There were almost 15-20 peoples group who used to be a member if Roars and Utkarsh, so while organising a festival there are always conflict between a group members that which event will take place and where will it be held in the college, this is because there are almost 4000 people turning up for the event hence every one want to keep m ore event and all the event at one place hence there are conflict between group members. But once everything is solved there are no personal regrets in any ones mind. This is a big advantage of been a member of a informal group.In informal group also there should be a person who manages the group. In my case I been a co-ordinator had to look after the group. I had to look after personal problems with some other group members some other problems group member has while organising the festival. In intra group conflict I had to manage to solve the problem. This I was doing on the Maslows theory. If they need any necessary things for the event I typed to fulfil that by demanding it from the college governance. The authorities should give them some safety measures by asking professors to take the lectures which they have missed and dont mark them as absent while they are working for the college festival as well as providing them with equal standards so that everyone gets a chance to give their own opinion. To provide them a self esteem so that they can also be confident while working for a college festival.ConclusionWork done by individual always talk time then work done by a group. Everything depends on the individual personality and his psychological and potential behaviour. Say now there is a word written impossible one individual may read it as impossible and other may read it as i m possible. Hence it depends on how the individual think. But working in a group always helps for individual to development himself. He gets to know how other individuals in a group think and what is the approach of other people on a particular work. There is always conflict in a group individuals should take these in a positive way as the group conflict is because of the betterment of the work which group is doing. The conflict in a group can be minimised if the group is an informal group. This is because all the group member knows each other and they are almost of same age so there thinking are also almost same. There should be a leader in a group to control the group. Group leader should always motivate people so that people can work in better way. Finally, I think group is always a better option to work rather than working as an individual.