Drug Abuse And Its Effects On Youth And Teenagers

HEALTHCARE LEADERSHIP ENGL1033 REPORT ASSIGNMENT DRUG ABUSE AND ITS EFFECTS ON YOUTH AND TEENAGERS NAME: ALVIN ALEX MATHEW COLLEGE ID: C0652356 INSTRUCTOR NAME: SHAWNA SHELDON SUBMITTED ON: 06/01/2015 DRUG ABUSE AND ITS EFFECTS ON YOUTH AND TEENAGERS Drug abuse has long been and still is a topical issue worldwide. There are so many reasons why individuals get addicted get to be reliant on drugs. A few individuals begin taking them out of immaculate interest, others to enhance their athletic execution or lessen stretch and dispose of wretchedness. It doesn t make a difference why individuals begin, the fundamental thing here is to get help at the perfect time and not to demolish their life and wellbeing. There is no age group of individuals more influenced by alcohol and drugs than youngsters. In a few ways, it feels like it is an issue all over the world: for you, your family and your companions. To be simple, try as you might, you can t get away from the issues of alcohol and drugs. This research gives an overview of drug abuse and its effects on youth and its impact on the quality of their life, and conveys the need for clearer and better information for parents in order to prepare their children for a better future. PREVALENCE Youth frequently explore a variety of avenues of activities and substances. Lamentably, such experimentation can prompt substance misuse and addiction. Statistics demonstrate that drug abuse is a developing issue among youth. In additionShow MoreRelatedTeenage Drug Use Of Drugs1560 Words   |  7 PagesSociology 100 Professor Victoria Hoverman Teenage Drug Use In today’s society, one of the common problems among teenagers is the use of drugs. Teen age is probably one of the most challenging periods in life. It is a stage of self identity crisis that leads to great confusion amongst the teens. Belonging and being accepted in a group is very important in the minds of the teens; where many regard the act as cool. During these years of growth, teenagers encounter their share of positive and negative experiencesRead MoreThe Negatives Effects of Marijuana on Teenager880 Words   |  4 PagesThe Negatives Effects of Marijuana on Teenager What is Marijuana? The marijuana affects the brain development on teenager. Also affect the function at school, work, and social life of the teenagers. The marijuana increases the risk of mental health issues. The sadistic show that the used of marijuana increase every years. Marijuana affects the teenager and also their families. According to National Institute of Drug Abuse, Marijuana is a greenish-gray mixture of the dried, shredded leaves, stemsRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Abuse Among Youth1346 Words   |  6 PagesThere is a growing trend of drug abuse among youth which can’t be ignored in today’s society. It has been reported that â€Å"the greater numbers of young people were reporting weekly consumption of alcohol and young drinkers were consuming larger amounts per drinking occasion† (Coleman Cater, 2003). Teenagers who persistently use drug out of control often experience serious problems. Those problems are related to physical health, mental health, academic difficulties, social relationships, and so onRead MoreDrug Abuse1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of and abuse of illegal and prescription drugs are a health, social, and law enforcement problem that is affecting Americans across the country. Drug abuse is destroying the lives of many teens and adults and is also destroyi ng families in the United States. The use of drugs is a major problem in the United States among all Americans, but drug addiction is the main cause for America s troubled teens today. Exactly what is a drug? A drug is any chemical that produces a therapeutic or non-therapeuticRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Abuse1006 Words   |  5 Pagestranslates into terrible trends†¦ terrible trends like drug abuse. According to Pew Research Center, marijuana is the â€Å"most commonly used drug at all grade levels†. With that exact problem in mind, T.A.D.A. was formed. Teens Against Drug Abuse was established in the year 2014 to prevent and act against teenage drug abuse. Drug abuse is a life-threatening habit that, if it does not end a life at any early age, can physically or emotionally cripple a teenager for the rest of their lives. When analyzing theRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Abuse On Adolescents957 Words   |  4 PagesThe majority of all of us will go through the teenage stage and being a teenager is extremely complex and a difficult phase. Teenagers experience physiological, social, emotional and psychological changes. All of these changes are going to be shaped uniquely by the teenager’s unique genetic composition, brain development, environment, cultural background and the community influences around them. During brain development teenagers are likely to seek out new experiences that can lead to risky behaviorRead MoreThe Anxiety With A Referral From A General Practitioner1638 Words   |  7 Pageswith a referral from a General practitioner to a psychologist whom can then confirm the diagnosis and treat the disorder. The main contributing factors are the demands of being a single working parent with teenagers, fear of losing her job, police involvement, child services involvement, illicit drugs which is causing a pressure cooker situation. Anxiety and stress are a natural response to dealing with these situations causing nervousness, anxiousness, hopelessness and constant feeling of apprehensionRead MoreTeenage Drug And Alcohol Abuse978 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage drug and alcohol abuse is becoming a major problem in the United States. Abuse of illicit substances eventually leads to an addiction. Drug and alcohol addiction is a disease, and it is contagious. It does not spread through germs; it spreads through families, schools, and communities. There are two youth prevention programs that try to exceed at decreasing the drug and alcohol abuse in teenagers. They are the D.A.R.E. program and the Serenity House based out of Texas. The D.A.R.E. programRead MoreThe Epidemic of Teenagers Using Drugs1687 Words   |  7 PagesThe Epidemic of Teenagers Abusing Drugs Krystyn Romualdo COM/156 November 18, 2012 Jackie Hudspeth Jr The Epidemic of Teenagers Abusing Drugs To have known so many people that have struggled with drug addiction in their teenage years it has become very apparent what a vital time in one’s life it is to know the dangers of abusing drugs as a teenager. Even though not all teens abuse drugs, it is an epidemic in the United States because more teens are turning to drugs to escape or use outRead MoreYouth Crime And Domestic Violence Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pages Youth Crime and Domestic Violence Name: Institution: Youth Crime and Domestic Violence Introduction Youth Crime has increased in New Zealand and although the prosecution has decreased the issue has attracted the attention of the members of the public. According to data from the Ministry of Justice (2015) the numbers of children between the ages of ten to thirteen and young people between the ages of fourteen and sixteen who are charged in court is lowest in over two decades. Nonetheless

Case Study of Fedex and UPS free essay sample

The location could not have been more appropriate. China was shaping up to be the world’s most significant market for air cargo, and Yan Yuanyuan, director general of China’s General Administration of Civil Aviation, had just announced that China would be opening up its air cargo market to an even greater degree. The major global cargo companies had been picking up their level of investment in China and were poised for growth: FedEx Corp. had just begun construction of a major regional hub in Guangzhou and already had over 200 Chinese cities in its international network, and United Parcel Service of America, Inc. (UPS), was just completing a new logistics hub in Shanghai and had recently begun domestic Chinese express package services. The question on the minds of many was which of these two cargo giants was going to make the most of this opportunity. Spurred in part by entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001, growth in trade with China had accelerated and the need for cargo shipment and logistics support had skyrocketed. On June 18, 2004, the United States and China reached a landmark air-transportation agreement that quintupled the number of commercial cargo flights between the two countries. The agreement also allowed for the establishment of air-cargo hubs in China and landing rights for commercial airlines at any available airport. The pact represented the most dramatic liberalization of air traffic in the history of the two nations.  Ã‚  had been quicker to seize the new opportunities this agreement presented. By year-end 2005, it operated more all-cargo flights to China than any other airline. During 2005, the company launched the express industry’s first direct service to China (from Europe). In January of 2006, FedEx announced that it would buy out the remaining 50% of a Chinese joint venture started in 1999 with local carrier Tianjin Datian W. Group. Upon closing that deal, FedEx would employ more than 6,000 people in China. At the announcement of the buyout, Frederick W. Smith, chair, president, and CEO of FedEx, said: â€Å"China is changing the world’s economic landscape. This strategic investment in the long-term growth of China will broaden This case was prepared by Associate Professor Marc Lipson, Robert F. Bruner, and Sean Carr. It was written as a basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Copyright ? 2009 by the University of Virginia Darden School Foundation, Charlottesville, VA. All rights reserved. To order copies, send an e-mail to [emailprotected]  com. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means— electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of the Darden School Foundation. -2- UV2561 and deepen our relationship by improving access to important markets, fueling economic development for years to come. â € 1 While UPS currently lagged behind FedEx in the Chinese market, it was still the world’s largest package-delivery company and the dominant parcel carrier in the United States. UPS was the first carrier in the industry to offer nonstop service from the United States to China. It had recently completed a partner buyout of its own, acquiring full control of an express delivery service in China. While not the dominant player in China, it was dominant globally. According to UPS Chief Financial Officer D. Scott Davis, â€Å"Our industry is critical to international trade, our position in this industry is strong, and we have a track record of delivering exceptional financial results. †2 With the continued maturing of the U.S. package-delivery segment, the international markets—and especially China—became a battleground for the two package-delivery giants. FedEx had virtually invented customer logistical management and was widely perceived as innovative, entrepreneurial, and an operational leader. Historically, UPS had a reputation for being big, bureaucratic, and an industry follower, but â€Å"Big Brown,† so called for its iconic truc ks and uniforms, was aggressively shedding its plodding image as it too became an innovator and a tenacious adversary. UPS had recently undergone a major image overhaul and was repositioning itself as a leading provider of logistics and supply-chain management services. As these two companies positioned themselves to seize the growth opportunities presented by the Chinese market, the central question was which of these companies would best convert these opportunities into wealth for investors. Both companies made financial performance a part of their mission—what FedEx called â€Å"superior financial returns† and UPS called â€Å"long-term competitive returns. †3 Since the business models of the two companies had largely converged, with FedEx boosting ground capabilities and UPS boosting air capacity, success would hinge on execution, particularly financial execution. FedEx Corporation FedEx first took form as Smith’s undergraduate term paper for a Yale University economics class. Smith’s strategy dictated that FedEx would purchase the planes that it required to transport packages, unlike other competitors, which used the cargo space available on passenger airlines. In addition to using his own planes, Smith’s key innovation was a hub-andspoke distribution pattern, which permitted cheaper and faster service to more locations than his competitors could offer. In 1971, Smith invested his $4 million inheritance, and raised $91 million in venture capital to launch the firm—the largest venture-capital start-up at the time. 1 â€Å"FedEx Express to Acquire Express Business of Chinese Transportation Company DTW Group,† FedEx press release, January 25, 2006. 2 UPS annual report, 2005. 3UPS and FedEx annual reports, 2005. -3- UV2561. In 1973, on the first night of continuous operation, 389 FedEx employees delivered 186 packages overnight to 25 U. S. cities. In those early years, FedEx, then known as Federal Express Corporation, experienced severe losses, and Smith was nearly ousted from his chair position. By 1976, FedEx finally saw a modest profit of $3. 6 million on an average daily volume of 19,000 packages. Through the rest of the 1970s, FedEx continued to grow, and in 1981, FedEx generated more revenue than any other U.S. air-delivery company. By 1981, competition in the industry had started to rise. Emery Air Freight began to imitate FedEx’s hub system and to acquire airplanes, and UPS began to move into the overnightair market. The U. S. Postal Service (USPS) positioned its overnight letter at half the price of FedEx’s, but quality problems and FedEx’s â€Å"absolutely positively overnight† ad campaign quelled that potential threat. In 1983, FedEx reached $1 billion in revenues and seemed poised to own the market for express delivery. During the 1990s, FedEx proved itself as an operational leader, even receiving the prestigious Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award from the President of the United States. FedEx was the first company ever to win in the service category. Part of this success could be attributed to deregulation and to operational strategy, but credit could also be given to FedEx’s philosophy of â€Å"People-Service-Profit,† a slogan that reflected its emphasis on customer focus, total quality management, and employee participation. Extensive attitude surveying, a promotefrom-within policy, effective grievance procedures that sometimes resulted in a chat with Smith himself, and an emphasis on personal responsibility and initiative not only earned FedEx a reputation as a great place to work, but also helped to keep the firm largely free of unions. By the end of 2005, FedEx had $20,404 million in assets and net income of $1,449 million on revenue of $29,363 million. The company delivered to 220 countries through an infrastructure consisting of 260,000 employees, 51,500 drop-off locations, 677 aircraft, and 70,000 vehicles and trailers. The company planned to expand its Indianapolis air hub by more than 30% by 2008. FedEx’s Kinko’s division was the leading provider of document solutions with 1,400 locations in 11 countries. Exhibit 1 provides FedEx’s financial and analytical ratios. United Parcel Service of America, Inc. Founded in 1907, UPS was the largest package-delivery company in the world. Consolidated parcel delivery, both on the ground and through the air, was the company’s primary business, although increasingly the company offered more specialized transportation and logistics services. UPS had its roots in Seattle, Washington, where 19-year-old Jim Casey started a bicycle-messenger service called American Messenger Company. After merging with a rival firm, Motorcycle Delivery Company, the company focused on department-store deliveries, and that remained true until the 1940s. Renamed United Parcel Service of America, UPS started an air-delivery service in 1929 by putting packages on commercial passenger planes. The company entered its strongest period of growth during the post–World War II economic boom; by 1975, it-4- UV2561 had reached a milestone when it could promise package delivery to every address in the continental United States. The key to the success of UPS, later headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, was efficiency. According to BusinessWeek, â€Å"Every route is timed down to the traffic light. Each vehicle was engineered to exacting specifications. And the drivers †¦ endure a daily routine calibrated down to the minute. †4 But this deman d for machinelike precision met with resistance by UPS’s heavily unionized labor force.

How To Write a Thesis - A Complete Guide

Are you at the stage in your high school where you are about to start your thesis? If yes, then below you can find a complete step by step guide on how you write a thesis from the introduction to its conclusion. Writing in college takes students to persuade others by convincing them that you have an interesting point that makes logic as well. This form of persuasion often known as academic argument that is followed by a pattern in writing that is somehow predictable. Quick Links 1. What is a Thesis? 2. How to Structure a Thesis? 2.1 Title Page 2.2 Abstract 2.3 Table of Contents 2.4 List of Tables and Figures 2.5 Introduction 2.6 Methods 2.7 Results 2.8 Discussion 2.9 Conclusion 2.10 Recommendations 2.11 Acknowledgements 2.12 Reference 2.13 Appendices 3. What To Look For in a Thesis? 3.1 Order of Writing 3.2 Editing and Proofreading 3.3 Thesis Sample After introducing your topic briefly, you should state your point in only one sentence. After that summarize the complete argument that you will going to make in the paper afterwards. 1. What is a Thesis? A thesis is a document that is submitted to complete an academic degree or a professional qualification to present the research and findings of an author. In some particular context, the word thesis is used for a part of bachelor’s or master's course. The term thesis is used to refer to a claim of an essay or a work of similar kind. A good thesis should propose an arguable point to which people could reasonably disagree. It should be proactive, strong enough to justify statements presented in the thesis paper. Do not confuse the term thesis with dissertation. Dissertation is another form of assessment that differ from thesis in so many ways. Dissertation is a subject that you choose for yourself and is required for a doctoral program degrees. Continue reading to clear the confusion regarding dissertation vs thesis. It will surely help you to find out the obvious differences between thesis and dissertation. Coming back to thesis. Another important thing in thesis is the thesis statement. Whether its a short essay or a full length doctoral dissertation. A good thesis statement is one of the trickiest sentences that you will have to formulate. 2. How to Structure a Thesis? It is important to note that not all thesis are structured in the same way. It completely depends on the discipline, location, approach and topic on which you are going to write. There are different types of thesis such as analytical thesis, Argumentative thesis, Expository thesis etc. and all of these follow a different structure depending upon the guidelines provided by the instructor. So it is essential for you always go through the department’s guidelines and consult it with your instructor so that you don’t end up with a weak thesis. 2.1 Title Page It is the first page of your paper and contains the following things: Thesis Title Your Name Institution Department Submission date Degree program 2.2 Abstract It is a shortened summary of your thesis. Keep in mind the following things when writing an abstract for your paper. An abstract should be written in a way that it will explain the importance of your paper. It should end in 400 words approximately Generally, it does not contain citations Repeat the information of title Use numbers when needed Your abstract should contain the answer to a specific question or questions such as why does it matter? What did you learn? Etc. 2.3 Table of Contents All parts of the thesis should be included in the section of table of contents. It contains: Headings and subheadings with page number Indent subheadings You can see in the diagram, it will look something like this 2.4 List of Tables and Figures If you have a lot of tables and figures in your paper. Then you should item them all in a list of numbers. List page numbers for all the tables/figures. Add a short title for each table/figure. 2.5 Introduction In this part of your paper, you set the topic its purpose, relevance and eventually tell the reader what to expect in the paper. The introduction must have the following things: Describe the research topic Define the scope Narrow down the paper's focus Discuss the existing research paper and show how your paper is relevant to solve the problem that is discussed in the paper State your question and research paper's objective Overview the structure of the thesis paper A good thesis introduction is very important because this section will decide the fate of your thesis paper. You can also explore our step by step guide to write a good thesis introduction. After the introduction, comes the thesis statement. It is an important part of a thesis paper. For a strong thesis statement, it should be specific and usually found somewhere in the first paragraph of the thesis paper. A great thesis statement is the one that should only cover what is being discussed in the paper with the help of specific evidence. 2.6 Methods The method section explains how you have conducted the whole research. This will let the users to check the piper's validity. This section contains the following things: Type of research (qualitative, experimental, ethnographic, quantitative) Overall approach When and where the research is conducted Methods used in the paper to analyze the data Tools used in the paper Obstacles that you may have faced while conducting the research Justification or evaluation of your research The purpose of this section is to report your findings and to convince the readers that why your approach is the best one to answer the questions of your research. 2.7 Results Now it's the part where you report the actual statements of your research. It includes tables, graphs, and statistics. Show information on a range of varieties. Include the negative results along with positive. Lay out the complete case, present the required details Draw the inferences and add their own explanations Show results in segments Show key result in at the start of paragraph in clear sentences. 2.8 Discussion It is the point where you will have to explore the true meaning and the implication of your findings related to the questions of your research paper. You should interpret the results in detail and discuss whether it successfully meets the expectations or not. The discussion should also refer scholarly work to emphasize how your findings fits the knowledge already existing. 2.9 Conclusion It should answer the research questions in a precise manner. This should should be written in a way that will leave the user with a clear understanding of the main argument of the paper. Go back to the problem and describe the conclusion with the help of your findings and summarize new interpretations and insights that you gathered from the present work. 2.10 Recommendations Include in your paper when it is appropriate Action to solve the particular problem Add further research Direct the reader for future investigations 2.11 Acknowledgements Anyone who helped you in the process. Technically (include supplies, materials ) Financially (travel grant, departmental support etc.) Intellectually (advice, assistance) 2.12 Reference Add the details of all the sources that you have mentioned in your paper. It is sometimes known as a bibliography or works cited list. Cite all the concepts, ideas, data that does not belong to you Cite single author by its surname followed by the publication date For example: ...according to Byrne (2000) Cite the references for double authors by their surname with the publication date For example: Alex and Byrne (2000) Avoid using footnotes List down all the references in alphabetical order 2.13 Appendices Documents used in your paper that generally do not fit the main body of your thesis paper can be included as Appendices. 3. What To Look for In a Thesis? We are in search of a critical analysis. We will gather evidence that will allow us to make judgments and interpret the findings. All your findings should clearly display the topic's main context. You must cite the relevant literature. A solid thesis paper should be a well-reasoned argument from questions to relevant findings to its implications. It should be clearly written and must follow the order mentioned below. 3.1 Order of Writing Order might differ in different type of thesis but this is the basic ordering that you can follow. Firstly, you need to organize your paper in a logical manner before you begin writing Write down your figures to support your argument Define the paper sections Introduction Observations Analysis conclusion Outline its main elements Sections Subsections Start writing in paragraphs, sentences and words. 3.2 Editing and Proofreading Make sure that all the sections in your paper are at the correct place. It should be well written. Leave time for editing and proofreading it. Refine your thesis and make sure there is spelling and grammatical mistakes. It is important for you to make time to write and revise drafts before focusing on typos, grammar and language mistakes. 3.3 Thesis Sample Below you can find a sample of thesis that you can check to clearly understand each and every thing about thesis writing. However, we don't recommend you to copy the work. Get Professional Help Though you can find all the important steps to write a thesis. But keep in mind writing a thesis required a lot of hard work as it is quite different from other academic writings. Students usually get stuck in the process and eventually look for any thesis writing services to help them out. Here is the good news! 5StarEssays can help you out in this. Our thesis writer can help you write a solid MS thesis. Simply, get in touch with our representative and avail the services right away. With all that, we will wrap up the article. Is this guide helpful in starting your thesis writing process?

Immigration of Women

Immigration of Women Generations after generations, the world has been witnessing migration of people in various regions for different of reasons. Migration can either be voluntary or involuntary depending on the prevailing circumstances. Voluntary migration is caused by numerous reasons, although, the search for economic empowerment is often cited as the major reason.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Immigration of Women specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is believed that women, just like men, migrate because of economic reasons; however, there are other reasons that push women into leaving their motherlands. Women whose husbands have migrated to foreign countries or are citizens of other countries often migrate to those countries to join their husbands for family reunification through a process known as chain migration. Women living in communities that are characterized by abusive patriarchal family setups are most likely to migrate to regions that have more socioeconomic opportunities and gender empowerment programs. The increased demand for unskilled labor such as, household workers, caregivers or nurses, sex workers, and brides or wives in developed countries is the driving factor that is responsible for encouraging women to move to these countries. When women from developing countries migrate to developed countries and take up jobs as household workers, women in the host countries are relieved from their household duties and they find time to concentrate on developing their careers and enhance their social lives. Therefore, women migration becomes beneficial to the women who are citizens of the host countries. It should also be noted that survival is the major reason that forces women immigrants into unskilled labor and not the desire to seek gender equity or subdue male dominance. The challenges and disadvantages of migration by women outweigh the benefits associated with this exercise. Many governments arou nd the world have immigration policies that are very unfriendly to women. For instance, it is extremely difficult to acquire a visa or a work permit unless the would-be immigrant is targeting a male-dominated occupation.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These types of policies deny a lot of women immigration opportunities to many countries around the world. Furthermore, immigration policies for several governments do not support chain migration or family reunification immigration. And since it is women who normally benefit from family reunification immigration, their chances of migrating into these countries are limited. Most Asian countries have migration policies that are selective on the basis of gender, therefore, emigration of women in these countries follow a restrictive regime. Despite these barriers, women still manage to enter these countries through illegal mi gration practices, such as, human trafficking or smuggling. This trend is alarming and more women than men are resorting to illegal migration, in order to beat the anti-women immigration policies by some governments. One of the major challenges that face women who migrate to other countries and leave behind their husbands and children is the emotional anguish associated with transnational motherhood. Since they are forced to care for their children across national borders, these women are constantly guilty of abandoning their families. The situation is made worse by societal expectations; the role of a married woman in many traditional communities is that of a housewife who is expected to sit at home and look after the family. On the other hand, most of the jobs that are done by women immigrants are mostly exploitative and abusive. Furthermore, the fact that some women dependent on illegal tactics to sneak into host countries shows that immigration is not favorably to women.

The Interactionist View of Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

The Interactionist View of Crime - Essay Example The Interactionist view of crime explains delinquent gang behavior in a very elaborate way because it is according to this view that laws banning murder, rapes, and robbery have political undertones. This view of crime states that reality does not exist and therefore crimes are termed either as good or evil. The best example for this view of crime is people viewing some films while others cannot because they think they are not appropriate. Many people refer to criminals condemned under this view of crime as outcasts because they went against the social consensus and norms. All the three perspective views have good points but I think I would go for the conflict view of crime to explain delinquent behavior because I is important to acknowledge the differences between the lower classes compared to the upper class and this is the only perspective that can truly address the problem at hand (Siegel, 2006). First track can help reduce crime from all over the world because short-term effects of crime vary depending on age, sex and culture. Both boys and girls react differently towards crime the same way they handle breakups and heartbreaks. In Belmont for example, adolescents learn how to use guns fast because some are required to do so by their parents for the purposes of self-defense and security just like fast track would help them reduce crime as mentorship from their parents. It is without doubt that crime has spoilt adolescents and the image has stuck in the minds of many people living in America and I believe that fast track can help reduce crime if not fully eradicating it. Crime has seen many people lose their lives from gunshots and fights. According to Nicholas, a researcher who emphasizes more on the use of fast track to reduce crime, many young youths end up in crime due to lack of money and the only way they make quick money is through robbery, selling drugs and engaging in street fights, which relate to violence (Siegel, 2006). The role played by violence in the lives of adolescents in South Bronx is nothing but spoiling them and sending them to grave at an early age.

Aerodynamic Drag Reduction in Modern Consumer Automobiles Dissertation

Aerodynamic Drag Reduction in Modern Consumer Automobiles - Dissertation Example Within the course of their experiments, they uncovered many different types of aerodynamic drag on vehicles. In addressing these disparities, they came up with various modern designs to also help to reduce drag. Moreover, it can be seen that dissimilarities existed in the differences between racing car design and road car design, which had led them to explore the reasons why road vehicles did not look like racing cars. This paper will investigate other factors, such as European legislation, that influences the appearance of road vehicles. In addition, it will discuss how and why the appearance of modern cars changed in recent years through the use of texts, pictures, graphs, equations and diagrams. Moreover, the role of Bernoulli relationship on the flow around an object will be explored as well as an explanation of boundary layer properties. Finally, it will analyze flow control using passive methods like vortex generators. Clearly, researchers in their investigations had devised in novative ways to reduce the aerodynamic drag of modern road vehicles. Bettes (1982) defined aerodynamic drag as occurring when a car moved through air and the energy that opposed its direction and slowed down its movement. Another more comprehensive definition of aerodynamic drag was: †The resistance of the air to forward movement, sometimes called "aerodynamic drag". This is a factor of the shape of the vehicle, the objects which stick out (i.e., mirrors, mufflers, bumpers), the amount of turbulence at the rear of the vehicle, the nature of the vehicle's skin surface, and the amount of air going through the vehicle for cooling and ventilation. The faster you go, the greater the air friction (proportional to velocity ²). At the same time, the power to overcome such friction is proportional to velocity ³.† (www.f1technical.net/glossary/). ... Moreover, the role of Bernoulli relationship on the flow around an object will be explored as well as an explanation of boundary layer properties. Finally, it will analyze flow control using passive methods like vortex generators. Clearly, researchers in their investigations had devised innovative ways to reduce the aerodynamic drag of modern road vehicles. II. Aerodynamic Drag of Vehicles a. Drag and the Different Types of Aerodynamic Drag on Vehicles Bettes (1982) defined aerodynamic drag as occurring when a car moved through air and the energy that opposed its direction and slowed down its movement. Another more comprehensive definition of aerodynamic drag was: †The resistance of the air to forward movement, sometimes called "aerodynamic drag". This is a factor of the shape of the vehicle, the objects which stick out (i.e., mirrors, mufflers, bumpers), the amount of turbulence at the rear of the vehicle, the nature of the vehicle's skin surface, and the amount of air going t hrough the vehicle for cooling and ventilation. The faster you go, the greater the air friction (proportional to velocity?). At the same time, the power to overcome such friction is proportional to velocity?.† (www.f1technical.net/glossary/). Bettes (1982) examined the fuel use required to offset the aerodynamic drag of road vehicles, but it served as one of many factors affecting cars. Lift force and the side force comprised other factors as well, which were referred to in non dimensional coefficients used in a broad speed array. Moreover, these forces and their associations with their axes (pitching, yawing, and rolling) relied upon the square of the speed of the

Causes Of Corruption Essay Example for Free

Causes Of Corruption Essay The paper stresses the need to keep the issue of corruption squarely in view in the development agenda. It discusses the causes and consequences of corruption, especially in the context of a least developed country with considerable regulation and central direction. Lack of transparency, accountability and consistency, as well as institutional weaknesses such as in the legislative and judicial systems, provide fertile ground for growth of rent seeking activities in such a country. In addition to the rise of an underground economy and the high social costs associated with corruption, its adverse consequences on income distribution, consumption patterns, investment, the government budget and on economic reforms are highlighted in the paper. The paper also touches upon the supply side of bribery and its international dimensions and presents some thoughts on how to address the corruption issue and to try and bring it under control. There is a growing worldwide concern over corruption at the present time. Several factors are responsible for this. First, a consensus has now been reached that corruption is universal. It exists in all countries, both developed and developing, in the public and private sectors, as well as in non-profit and charitable organizations. Second, allegations and charges of corruption now play a more central role in politics than at any other time. Governments have fallen, careers of world renowned public figures ruined, and reputations of well-respected organizations and business firms badly tarnished on account of it. The international mass media feeds on it and scandals and improper conduct, especially of those in high places, are looked upon as extremely newsworthy, and to be investigated with zeal and vigour. The rising trend in the use of corruption as a tool to discredit political opponents, the media’s preoccupation with it as a highly marketable commodity, and the general pu blic’s fascination with seeing prominent personalities in embarrassing situations have brought scandalous and corrupt behaviour, a common human frailty, into the limelight of international attention. Third – and the main issue taken up in this paper – is that corruption can be a major obstacle in the process of economic development and in modernizing a country. Many now feel that it should receive priority attention in a country’s development agenda. This greater recognition that corruption can have a serious adverse impact on development has been a cause for concern among developing countries. In a recent survey of 150 high level officials from 60 third world countries, the respondents ranked public sector corruption as the most severe obstacle confronting their development process (Gray and Kaufmann 1998). Countries in the Asia and Pacific region are also very worried about this problem and they are in substantial agreement that corruption is a major constraint that is hindering their economic, political and social development, and hence view it as a problem requiring urgent attention at the highest level. Increasing public interest and concern over corruption have resulted in a large amount of scholarly research on the subject. Admittedly, there are still wide gaps in the current state of information and knowledge on the matter and much more remains to be done. Nevertheless, theoretical and empirical research that has been conducted thus far has yielded fresh insights into the problem. We now have a clearer understanding of the underlying causes of corruption, its consequences, and ideas and approaches on possible measures to combat it. At the same time, a better perspective has been obtained on the reasons why corruption persists in so many countries, and why it is difficult to deal with, although people throughout the world view it with disfavour. This paper presents some ideas and issues that have emerged from the current discussion and ongoing debate on the corruption question in the region and around the world. It considers the causes, consequences and international dimensions of corruption, which seem to have generated a lot of public attention in many countries. Thoughts and suggestions on possible remedial measures have also been included as it would not be a fruitful exercise to only discuss issues and problems, without coming forward with some solutions as well. The aim of the paper is to create greater awareness of the subject and to highlight the desirability to keep it in view in thinking about development issues, especially in the context of a least developed country. I. DEFINITION AND CONCEPTS Definition In this paper, corruption is defined as the use of public office for private gain, or in other words, use of official position, rank or status by an office bearer for his own personal benefit. Following from this definition, examples of corrupt behaviour would include: (a) bribery, (b) extortion, (c) fraud, (d) embezzlement, (e) nepotism, (f) cronyism, (g) appropriation of public assets and property for private use, and (h) influence peddling. In this list of corrupt behaviour, activities such as fraud and embezzlement can be undertaken by an official alone and without involvement of a second party. While others such as bribery, extortion and influence peddling involve two parties – the giver and taker in a corrupt deal. The two party type of corruption can arise under a variety of circumstances. Often mentioned are concerned with the following: (i) Government contracts: bribes can influence who gets the contract, the terms of the contract, as well as terms of subcontracts when the project is implemented. Government benefits: bribes can influence the allocation of monetary benefits such as credit subsidies and favoured prices and exchange rates where price controls and multiple exchange rates exist. Bribes can also be important in obtaining licenses and permits to engage in lucrative economic activities such as importing certain goods in high demand and in short supply. Moreover, bribes can be employed to acquire in-kind benefits such as access to privileged schools, subsidized medical care, subsidized housing and real estate, and attractive ownership stakes in enterprises that are being privatized. Government revenue: bribes can be used to reduce the amount of taxes, fees, dues, custom duties, and electricity and other public utility charges collected from business firms and private individuals. Time savings and regulatory avoidance: bribes can speed up the granting of permission, licenses and permits to carry out activities that are perfectly legal. This is the so-called â€Å"grease money† to turn the wheels of bureaucracy more smoothly, speedily and hopefully in the right direction. It is also not difficult to think of a really awful situation where rules and regulations, and the way they are applied, are so complex and burdensome that the only way left to get things done is to pay money to avoid them. Influencing outcomes of legal and regulatory processes: bribes can be used to provide incentives to regulatory authorities to refrain from taking action, and to look the other way, when private parties engage in activities that are in violation of existing laws, rules and regulations such as those relating to controlling pollution, preventing health hazards, or promoting public safety as in the case of building codes and traffic regulations. Similarly, bribes can be given to favour one party over another in court cases or in other legal and regulatory proceedings. Economic rent The concept of economic rent (or monopoly profit) occupies a central place in the literature on the subject of corruption. Economic rent arises when a person has something unique or special in his possession. This something special can be a luxury condominium in a posh neighbourhood, a plot of land in the central business district of the city, a natural resource like an oil well, or even some pleasing personal traits such as beauty and charm. A person who owns such a special asset can charge a more than normal price for its use and earn economic rent or monopoly profit. To illustrate, suppose there is a young lady who has breathtakingly good looks, a charming personality, and exceptional acting, singing and dancing skills. Due to these special personal assets, she becomes a superstar and a heartthrob of teenagers all over the country and thus commands a princely sum for her appearances. But what exactly is her economic rent? To determine this, it is necessary to know the next best thing she can do to earn a living if she is not a superstar. Suppose she has a law degree so the next best occupation she can take up is to become a lawyer. Then the difference between her income as a superstar and the earnings she can obtain from her next best occupation (as a lawyer), is her economic rent for having an unusually pretty face, charm, and superb singing, dancing and acting talents – a winning combination which no other young lady in the country can match. A similar line of reasoning can be applied to a minor bureaucrat working in the business license issuing office of a government ministry. Suppose this bureaucrat has the responsibility of typing, stamping the official seal, getting the appropriate signatures and delivering the authorization letter that grants permission to business enterprises to engage in a certain line of economic activity. Business executives are anxious to have the letter typed expeditiously and correctly, and have it properly stamped, signed, sealed and delivered and are willing to pay a price for this special service. Hence the bureaucrat who has a monopoly of typing, stamping and processing the letter can use his official position to acquire economic rent from his clients. A useful approach to find out the amount of his economic rent is to think of what he can earn if he is fired from the licensing office.